Vitamin D protects against depression: Evidence from an umbrella meta-analysis on interventional and observational meta-analyses
Musazadeh V, Keramati M, Ghalichi F, Kavyani Z, Ghoreishi Z, Allayl Alras K, Albadawi N, Salem A, Albadawi MI, Salem R, Abu-Zaid A, Zarezadeh M, Mekary RA (2023) Pharmacol Res 187 106605. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106605. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
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Abstract:
Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies investigating the efficacy and the relationship between vitamin D and depression provided inconsistent results. The current umbrella meta-analysis was conducted to assess the available evidence and provide a conclusive outcome in this regard.The following international databases were systematically searched till March 2022: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Random-effects model was carried out to calculate the pooled point estimates and their respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI).
Ten meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) revealed significant reduction in depression symptoms comparing participants on vitmain D supplements to those on placebo (Pooled standardised mean difference: - 0.40; 95 % CI: - 0.60, - 0.21, p < 0.01: I2 = 89.1 %, p < 0.01).
Four meta-analyses of cohort studies (with one having two subgroups) revealed that participants with lower levels of serum vitamin D were at increased odds of depression than those with higher levels of serum vitamin D (Pooled odds ratio: 1.60; 95 % CI: 1.08, 2.36, p < 0.01; I2 = 91.3 %, p < 0.01).
The present umbrella meta-analysis confirms the potential benefits of vitamin D supplementation and higher serum vitamin D levels in reducing the development and symptoms of depression.
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