Food and Behaviour Research

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Sugar rush or sugar crash? Experimental evidence on the impact of sugary drinks in the classroom

Schiltz F, De Witte K (2021) Health Economics 1 215-232. doi: 10.1002/hec.4444. Epub 2021 Nov 2. 

Web URL: Read this and related articles on PubMed

Abstract:

Sugary drinks in schools have been demonized for their potential long-term contribution to rising obesity rates. Surprisingly, there is only little evidence on the immediate effects of sugary drinks in schools.

This paper provides experimental evidence on the in-class effects of sugary drinks on behavior and student achievement. We randomly assigned 462 preschool children to receive sugary drinks or artificially sweetened drinks and collected data before and after consumption.

Our findings suggest that the consumption of one sugary drink induces an initial "relaxing" effect for boys, before making them more restless. Girls' behavior is not significantly affected.

We find a negative effect on student achievement for boys and a positive effect for girls.

We show the robustness of the results across two field experiments.

FAB RESEARCH COMMENT:

Permitting sugary drinks in schools remains a controversial issue - not only for their potential contribution to rising obesity rates, but because of their possible negative effects on children's mood, behaviour and ability to learn. 

However, properly controlled trials that can actually assess cause and effect are extremely difficult to do - so as the authors of this study note, there is actually little 'hard evidence' from school studies of how consuming sugary drinks affect children's behaviour in the classroom.

Although this study found some 'significant effects' - these were mixed, and primarily evident only in boys.

For the related news article and FAB comment, please see:


Other evidence - from a recent systematic review of 31 randomised controlled trials in adults - found no evidence whatosiever to support the widely held belief that consuming sugar improves mood, even in the short-term. (If anything, it leads to fatigue, and a worsening of mood). See:


There are already more than enough good reasons to restrict children's intake of sugary drinks - and indeed, also ones containing artificial sweeteners.

These were (as usual) used as the placebo control - but there is evidence that some of these may affect mood or behaviour (in at least some individuals).

More concerning is the accumulating evidence that despite their lack of calories, long-term use of artificial sweeteners may affect gut microbial balance and metabolism in ways that actually promote obesity and Type 2 diabetes, rather than helping to reduce risks for these conditions.

Sweetened drinks of either kind usually have little or no nutritional value: and sugary drinks both add calories, and usually displace healthier foods or drinks from the diet.  

See also: